George Montagu (naturalist)

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George Montagu (naturalist) bigraphy, stories - Pioneering English ornithologist

George Montagu (naturalist) : biography

1753 – 20 June 1815

George Montagu (1753 – 20 June 1815) was an English naturalist. He was known for his pioneering work on his Ornithological Dictionary, which for the first time accurately defined the status of Britain’s birds. He is remembered today for species such as the Montagu’s Harrier, named for him.

Life and work

Montagu is best known for his Ornithological Dictionary (1802) and his contributions to early knowledge of British birds. He showed that many previously accepted species were invalid, either because they were birds in summer or winter plumage or males and females of the same species. His study of harriers resulted in the discovery that the Montagu’s Harrier was breeding in southern England. He was also involved in the first British records of Cirl Bunting, Cattle Egret, Little Gull and Gull-billed Tern.Mearns, 1988.

He was born at the family home of Lackham House in Wiltshire, some three miles south of Chippenham in the northwest of that county, and baptised at Lacock Church on 9 July 1753. In 1770 he joined the army as an Ensign in the 15th Regiment of Foot. He resigned his commission as a Captain in 1777, but eventually rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in the Wiltshire Militia. In 1773 he married Ann Courtenay, niece of John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute. They settled at Alderton House in Wiltshire. In 1798 Montagu left his wife and moved to Knowle House, near Kingsbridge in Devon. It was here that he wrote his two-volume Ornithological Dictionary; or Alphabetical Synopsis of British Birds.

Montagu had an interest in marine and freshwater natural history, and in 1803 published his Testacea Britannica, a History of British Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells. This described 470 species of molluscs, 100 of which were new to the British list. He supplied some new species of crustacean to William Elford Leach at the British Museum, and recorded some species of fish for the first time in English waters, as well as discovering new species including Montagu’s blenny and Montagu’s snapper. He also described the Lesser Horseshoe Bat for the first time.

He died of tetanus after stepping on a nail at Knowle House. He was buried at Kingsbridge Parish Church. Montagu’s collection of birds was bought by the British Museum, about 200 of which are now housed at the Tring Museum. His annotated copies of the Dictionary and Testacea were bequeathed to the Linnean Society.

Sources

  • Mearns, Barbara; Mearns, Richard (1988). Biographies for Birdwatchers. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-487422-3
  • Moss, Stephen (2004). A Bird in the Bush: A Social History of Birdwatching. Aurum. ISBN 1-845-13085-5

Category:1753 births Category:1815 deaths Category:People from Chippenham Category:East Yorkshire Regiment officers Category:Wiltshire Regiment officers Category:British Militia officers Category:English zoologists Category:English ornithologists Category:Infectious disease deaths in England Category:Deaths from tetanus George Montagu