Maurice Duplessis

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Maurice Duplessis bigraphy, stories - 16th Premier of Quebec

Maurice Duplessis : biography

April 20, 1890 – September 7, 1959

Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis ( 20 April 1890 – 7 September 1959) served as the 16th Premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to 1959. He rose to power after uniting his Conservative party and the breakaway Action liberale nationale progressive faction of the Liberal party of Premier Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, to form a new conservative party, the Union Nationale.

His era later became known as La Grande Noirceur ("The Great Darkness"). During the time, the Liberal opposition was unsuccessful in challenging Duplessis’ power. Duplessis championed rural areas, provincial rights, anti-Communism, and opposed the trade unions.

Political career

Duplessis first won the seat as a Conservative Party of Quebec candidate in the 1927 Quebec election. In the 1931 election, he was reelected in his seat, but Conservative leader Camillien Houde lost both the election and his own seat. The Conservative caucus chose C. E. Gault to be interim Leader of the Opposition but, after Houde resigned as party leader in 1932, Duplessis won the leadership of the party during the 1933 convention over the only other candidate, Onésime Gagnon.

Two weeks before the 1935 provincial election, he engineered a coalition with Paul Gouin’s Action libérale nationale (ALN), a party of dissident reform Liberals and nationalists who had quit the governing Parti libéral du Québec. While he lost that election, Duplessis was soon able to exploit a patronage scandal involving the family of Premier Louis-Alexandre Taschereau to force Taschereau’s resignation.

Gouin withdrew his support from Duplessis on June 18, 1936, but the ALN caucus sided with Duplessis and joined with his Conservative caucus to formally merge into the Union Nationale party. Duplessis and the UN won the August 1936 election in a landslide, putting an end to thirty-nine consecutive years of Liberal rule. Duplessis’s first government was defeated in the 1939 election, a snap election called by the premier in hopes of exploiting the issue of Canadian participation in World War II.

Duplessis returned as premier in the 1944 election, and held power without serious opposition for the next fifteen years, until his death, winning elections in 1948, 1952 and 1956. He became known simply as le Chef ("the boss").

He was elected to five terms of office in all, the last four of them consecutive. Duplessis remains the last Quebec premier to have won three or more consecutive majority governments. After him, no political party in Quebec elections at the provincial level had managed to win more than two terms of office in a row until the December 2008 victory of Jean Charest’s Liberal party, its third consecutive win.

Roncarelli v. Duplessis

Duplessis actively opposed Jehovah’s Witnesses and once used his influence to revoke a liquor license from one of their member’s businesses. This decision was overturned by the Supreme Court of Canada, Duplessis being ordered to pay $33,123.53 in damages. He died shortly thereafter.

Reference works

  • Conrad Black, Duplessis, ISBN 0-7710-1530-5, McClelland & Stewart, Toronto, 1977.
  • Jacques Rouillard, Le syndicalisme Québécois, Boreal, Montreal, 2004
  • CSN-CSQ, Histoire du mouvement ouvrier au Quebec, 2001
  • Jones, R. (1983). Duplessis and the union nationale administration. Ottawa: Canadian Historical Association.
  • Laporte, P. (1960). The true face of duplessis. Montreal: Harvest House Limited.
  • Paulin, M. (2002). Maurice duplessis: Powerbroker, politician. Montreal: XYZ Publishing.
  • The Union Nationale was founded as an alliance in 1935 with Duplessis as leader. In 1936 the UN formally became a unitary political party with the Quebec Conservative Party dissolving into it.

Category:1890 births Category:1959 deaths Category:Canadian anti-communists Category:Canadian political party founders Category:Canadian Roman Catholics Category:Conservatism in Canada Category:Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs Category:Lawyers in Quebec Category:People from Trois-Rivières Category:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada) Category:Premiers of Quebec Category:Quebec political party leaders Category:Union Nationale (Quebec) MNAs Category:Université de Montréal alumni