Lee Ross

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Lee Ross : biography

One particular research Ross did on perception was based on the Prisoner’s Dilemma game. The Prisoner’s Dilemma game consist of two people that have two choices. One is to betray the other person which will have a consequence of 3 months in jail for each person. The other choice is for both of them to cooperate. If only one person chooses to betray, the cooperator must do one year in jail. Ross decided to allow his participants to play this game but the stakes being financials instead of jail time and the name was changed to Community and Wall Street game. The result was that the participants that were told they were playing Community cooperated twice as much as participants that were told they were playing Wall Street game. This ment that our perception determines our response in certain situations. From this experiment Lee D. Ross concluded that “At the most general level, it said that the way in which we respond to a situation depends on how we subjectively perceive it”. Ravindran, Sandeep. (2012). "Profile of Lee D. Ross". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109 (19): 7132-7133

Awards

1994: Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2003: American Psychological Society William James Fellow 2008: Distinguished Scientist Award from Society of Experimental Social Psychological

Selected publications

Books

  • Nisbett, R. E., & Ross, L. (1980). "Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment." Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (vol. 10). New York: Academic Press.
  • Ross, L. (1988). Psychological barriers to conflict resolution. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

Journal Articles

  • Ross, L., & Nisbett, R. E. (1991). "The person and the situation: Perspectives of social psychology." New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ross, L., Curhan, J. R., Neale, & M. A. (2004). "Dynamic valuation: Preference changes in the context of face-to-face negotiation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology", 40(2), 142-151.http://lee.ross.socialpsychology.org/
  • Ehrlinger, J., Gilovich, T., & Ross, L. (2005). Peering into the bias blind spot: People’s assessments of bias in themselves and others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(5), 680-692.
  • Hackley, S., Bazerman, M., Ross, L., & Shapiro, D. L. (2005). Psychological dimensions of the Israeli settlements issue: Endowments and identities. Negotiation Journal, 21(2), 209-219.
  • Kay, A. C., Wheeler, S. C., Bargh, J. A., & Ross, L. (2004). Material priming: The influence of mundane physical objects on situational construal and competitive behavioral choice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 95(1), 83-96.
  • Liberman, V., Samuels, S. M., & Ross, L. (2004). The name of the game: Predictive power of reputations versus situational labels in determining prisoner’s dilemma game moves. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(9), 1175-1185.
  • Lord, C. G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1979). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(11), 2098-2109.
  • Pronin, E., Gilovich, T., & Ross, L. (2004). Objectivity in the eye of the beholder: Divergent perceptions of bias in self versus others. Psychological Review, 111(3), 781-799.
  • Pronin, E., & Ross, L. (2006). Temporal differences in trait self-ascription: When the self is seen as an other. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(2), 197-209.
  • Pronin, E., Steele, C. M., & Ross, L. (2004). Identity bifurcation in response to stereotype threat: Women and mathematics. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(2), 152-168.
  • Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The false consensus effect: An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13(3), 279-301.
  • Vallone, R. P., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1985). The hostile media phenomenon: Biased perception and perceptions of media bias in coverage of the Beirut massacre. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(3), 577-585.

Notable contributions

  • Attitude polarization
  • Attribution theory
  • Bias blind spot
  • False consensus effect
  • Fundamental attribution error
  • Hostile media effect