Elmer Ambrose Sperry

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Elmer Ambrose Sperry bigraphy, stories - American mechanical engineer

Elmer Ambrose Sperry : biography

12 October 1860 – 16 June 1930

Elmer Ambrose Sperry, Sr. (October 12, 1860 – June 16, 1930) was an American inventor and entrepreneur, most famous as co-inventor, with Herman Anschütz-Kaempfe of the gyrocompass. His compasses and stabilizers were adopted by the United States Navy and used in both world wars.

Companies

  • Sperry Electric Mining Machine Company, (1888);
  • Sperry Electric Railway Company, (1894);
  • Chicago Fuse Wire Company, (1900); and
  • Sperry Rail Service (1911) a rail defect detection company.
  • Sperry Gyroscope Company (1910), founded to manufacture Sperry’s development of the gyrocompass, originally invented by Herman Anschütz-Kaempfe in 1908. Sperry’s first model was installed on the battleship USS Delaware in 1911.

The companies eventually evolved into Sperry Marine

Biography

Sperry was born at Cincinnatus, New York on October 12, 1860 to Stephen Decatur Sperry and Mary Borst. He was a descendant of Richard Sperry. His mother died, the next day, October 13, 1860, from complications from his birth.

He spent three years at the state normal school in Cortland, New York, then a year at Cornell University in 1878 and 1879, where he became interested in dynamos. He moved to Chicago, Illinois, early in 1880 and, soon after founded the Sperry Electric Company.

He married Zula Augusta Goodman (?-1929) in Chicago, Illinois on June 28, 1887.

In 1900 Sperry established an electrochemical laboratory at Washington, D.C., where he and his associate, Clifton P. Townshend, developed a process for making pure caustic soda and discovered a process for recovering tin from scrap metal.

Sperry experimented with diesel engines and gyroscopic compasses and gyroscopic stabilizers for ships and aircraft.

In 1910 he started the Sperry Gyroscope Company in Brooklyn, New York; his first compass was tested that same year in .

In 1914 he won a prize from the Aero Club of France for his airplane stabilizer. He also was awarded a Franklin Institute Medal in the same year.

In 1918 he produced a high-intensity arc lamp which was used as a searchlight by both the Army and Navy. After setting up eight companies and taking out over 400 patents.

In 1925, his son, Lawrence Burst Sperry (1892-1925), died in the North Sea in a crash in a plane of his own design.

In January of 1929 he sold his Sperry Gyroscope Company to North American Aviation. That same year his wife died on March 31, 1930, in Havana, Cuba.

He died at St. John’s Hospital in Brooklyn, New York on June 16, 1930 from complications following the removal of gallstones six weeks earlier. He was 69 years old.

Awards

He was given the following awards:

  • Aero Club of France (1914) for his airplane stabilizer
  • Franklin Institute Medal (1914)
  • Collier Trophy (1915)
  • Collier Trophy (1916)
  • Holley Medal (1927)
  • John Fritz Medal (1927)
  • Albert Gary Medal (1927)
  • Elliott Cresson Medal from the Franklin Institute (1929)
  • Two decorations from the last Czar of Russia; two decorations from the Emperor of Japan, the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Sacred Treasure; and the grand prize of the Panama Exposition.

Legacy

  • Sperry was also a founding member of the US Naval Consulting Board, 1915.
  • In 1916, Sperry joined Peter Hewitt to develop the Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane, one of the first successful precursors of the UAV.
  • was named for him, as was the annual Elmer A. Sperry Award for Advancing the Art of Transportation.
  • The Sperry Center building on the SUNY Cortland campus in Cortland, NY is named after him.

Memberships

He was a member of the following groups:

  • Founder and charter member of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers
  • Founder and charter member of the American Electro-Chemical Society
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Physical Society
  • American Society of Mechanical Engineers
  • Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers
  • New York Electrical Society
  • American Petroleum Institute
  • Edison Pioneers
  • National Aeronautical Association
  • Aero Club of America
  • Engineers’ Club
  • National Electric Light Association
  • Franklin Institute
  • Japan Society
  • Director of the Museum of the Peaceful Arts