Alexander Bain (inventor)

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Alexander Bain (inventor) : biography

1811 – 2 January 1877

Alexander Bain (October 1811 – 2 January 1877) was a Scottish inventor and engineer who was first to invent and patent the electric clock. Bain installed the railway telegraph lines between Edinburgh and Glasgow.

External articles

  • Eugenii Fatz, "". The history of electrochemistry, electricity and electronics; Biosensors & Bioelectronics.
  • "". Adventures in Cybersound.
  • "Significant Scots: ". electricscotland.com.
  • "The 1800s: ". DigiCam History Dot Com.
  • "". visitdunkeld.com.
  • F. W. Chesson, " : Open Origins of Secret Wires (Telegraphic History)". Waterbury, CT.
  • "". The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2006.
  • – The History of the Telegraph Companies in Britain between 1838 and 1868, with a new biographic chapter on Alexander Bain.

Category:Scottish inventors Category:1811 births Category:1877 deaths Category:Clockmakers Category:Scottish electrical engineers Category:People from Caithness Category:Technicians Category:19th-century Scottish people Category:People from Kirkintilloch

Later life

Initially Bain made a considerable sum from his inventions but, due to poor investments, became poor, and in 1873, Sir William Thomson, Sir William Siemens, Latimer Clark and others obtained a Civil List pension for Bain from Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone of £80 per year.

Biography

Early life

Bain was born in Watten, Caithness, Scotland. Bain’s father was a crofter. Bain had a twin sister, Margaret, and, in total, he had six sisters and six brothers. Bain did not excel in school and was apprenticed to a clockmaker in Wick.

Career

Having learned the art of clockmaking, he went to Edinburgh, and in 1837 to London, where he obtained work as a journeyman in Clerkenwell. Bain frequented the lectures at the Polytechnic Institution and the Adelaide Gallery and later constructed his own workshop in Hanover Street.

In 1840, desperate for money to develop his inventions, Bain mentioned his financial problems to the editor of the Mechanics Magazine, who introduced him to Sir Charles Wheatstone. Bain demonstrated his models to Wheatstone, who, when asked for his opinion, said "Oh, I shouldn’t bother to develop these things any further! There’s no future in them." Three months later Wheatstone demonstrated an electric clock to the Royal Society, claiming it was his own invention. However, Bain had already applied for a patent for it. Wheatstone tried to block Bain’s patents, but failed. When Wheatstone organised an Act of Parliament to set up the Electric Telegraph Company, the House of Lords summoned Bain to give evidence, and eventually compelled the company to pay Bain £10,000 and give him a job as manager, causing Wheatstone to resign.

Bain’s first patent was dated 11 January 1841, and was in the names of John Barwise, chronometer maker, and Alexander Bain, mechanist. It describes his electric clock which uses a pendulum kept moving by electromagnetic impulses. He improved on this in later patents, including a proposal to derive the required electricity from an "earth battery", which consisted of plates of zinc and copper buried in the ground.

In December 1841, Bain in conjunction with Lieutenant Thomas Wright RN, patented a method for using electricity to control railway engines by turning off steam, marking time, giving signals, and printing information at different locations. The most significant idea incorporated in the patent was his plan for inverting the needle telegraph earlier developed by Ampere, Wheatstone and others: instead of making signals by a pivoted magnetic needle under the influence of an electromagnet, he made them by suspending a movable coil between the poles of a fixed magnet. A similar concept appears in Sir William Thomson’s siphon recorder. Bain also proposed to make the coil record messages by printing them, an idea he developed further in a subsequent patent.